A clear trend over the years has been a decline in the importance of agriculture and allied products and
A clear trend over the years has been a decline in the importance of agriculture and allied products and substantial increase in the importance of manufactured products.
For instance, the share of agriculture and allied products in total products declined considerably from 44.2 per cent in 1960-61 to 99.9 per cent in 2010-11, while that of manufactured products increased from 45.3 per cent to 67.9 per cent over the same period.
This clearly depicts the changing production structure of the economy and the march from an underdeveloped, backward primary goods dependent economy to more vibrant industrial economy.
1. The most important item in 1960-61 was jute and it contributed 21 per cent of our total earnings. Since then its total share has continuously declined to 0.2 per cent in 2010-11.
2. The second most important export item was tea and it contributed 19.3 per cent of total export earnings. Its share has also declined consistently to 0.3 per cent in 2010-11.
3. Consequent upon the programs of industrialization during the planning periods, the exports of engineering goods rose substantially. From $ 46 million in 1960-61 to $ 68,783 million in 2010-11. Their share in India’s export earnings rose from 3.4 per cent in 1960-61 to 27.4 per cent in 2010-11. Thus engineering goods have occupied the first place in India’s export earnings in 2010-11.
4. During recent years, exports of petroleum products have increased significantly. In 2010-11, exports of petroleum products were $42,203 million which was 16.8 per cent of total export earnings and occupied second position in India’s export earnings after engineering goods.
5. Exports of gems and jewelry have recorded a spectacular increase. From $ 59 million in 1970-71, the exports of gems and jewelry rose to $ 36,840 million in 2010-11 and occupied third position in India’s export earnings.
6. The results of industrialization are also expressed through increases in the exports of chemicals and allied products. From $ 39 million in 1970-71, the exports of chemicals and allied products rose to $ 28,984 million in 2010-11 and they contributed 11.5 per cent of total export earnings and occupied fourth place in India’s export earnings.
7. Export of readymade garments has emerged as an important foreign exchange earner in recent years. In 1970-71 export of readymade garments was only $ 2 million. In 2010-11 this had risen to $ 11,196 million which was 4.4 per cent of total exports.
8. Export earnings from cotton yarn, fabrics, etc., stood at $ 5,506 million in 2010-11 which was 2.2 per cent of total export earnings.
9. Export earnings from iron ore increased from $ 1,126 million in 2003-04 to $ 4,701 million in 2010-11 which was 1.9 per cent of total export earnings.
10. Exports of leather and leather manufacturers was $3,768 million in 2010-11. Their share stood at 1.5 per cent in 2010-11.
11. The exports of fish and fish preparations’ stood at $ 2,531 million in 2010-11 which was 1.0 per cent of export earnings.
12. In recent years, substantial quantities of rice have also been exported. In 2010-11, exports of rice stood at $ 2,371 million which was 0.9 per cent of total exports.
1. The most important item in 1960-61 was jute and it contributed 21 per cent of our total earnings. Since then its total share has continuously declined to 0.2 per cent in 2010-11.
2. The second most important export item was tea and it contributed 19.3 per cent of total export earnings. Its share has also declined consistently to 0.3 per cent in 2010-11.
3. Consequent upon the programs of industrialization during the planning periods, the exports of engineering goods rose substantially. From $ 46 million in 1960-61 to $ 68,783 million in 2010-11. Their share in India’s export earnings rose from 3.4 per cent in 1960-61 to 27.4 per cent in 2010-11. Thus engineering goods have occupied the first place in India’s export earnings in 2010-11.
4. During recent years, exports of petroleum products have increased significantly. In 2010-11, exports of petroleum products were $42,203 million which was 16.8 per cent of total export earnings and occupied second position in India’s export earnings after engineering goods.
5. Exports of gems and jewelry have recorded a spectacular increase. From $ 59 million in 1970-71, the exports of gems and jewelry rose to $ 36,840 million in 2010-11 and occupied third position in India’s export earnings.
6. The results of industrialization are also expressed through increases in the exports of chemicals and allied products. From $ 39 million in 1970-71, the exports of chemicals and allied products rose to $ 28,984 million in 2010-11 and they contributed 11.5 per cent of total export earnings and occupied fourth place in India’s export earnings.
7. Export of readymade garments has emerged as an important foreign exchange earner in recent years. In 1970-71 export of readymade garments was only $ 2 million. In 2010-11 this had risen to $ 11,196 million which was 4.4 per cent of total exports.
8. Export earnings from cotton yarn, fabrics, etc., stood at $ 5,506 million in 2010-11 which was 2.2 per cent of total export earnings.
9. Export earnings from iron ore increased from $ 1,126 million in 2003-04 to $ 4,701 million in 2010-11 which was 1.9 per cent of total export earnings.
10. Exports of leather and leather manufacturers was $3,768 million in 2010-11. Their share stood at 1.5 per cent in 2010-11.
11. The exports of fish and fish preparations’ stood at $ 2,531 million in 2010-11 which was 1.0 per cent of export earnings.
12. In recent years, substantial quantities of rice have also been exported. In 2010-11, exports of rice stood at $ 2,371 million which was 0.9 per cent of total exports.
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